French MASSACRES : Death TOLL in the world (partly) (directly and
indirectly)
http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat6.htm
1. French Indochina (1930-31)
ˇ Nghe Tinh Revolt
ˇ 10,000 killed (Dictionary of 20th Century World History; also M.
Clodfelter, Vietnam in Military Statistics (1995))
2. Madagascar, revolt (1947)
ˇ John Gunther, Inside Africa: The French admit to 11,505 known dead.
Unofficial totals go up to 80,000.
ˇ Library of Congress: 60-80,000; later estimates 11,000
[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mgtoc.html]
ˇ Cambridge Encyclopedia of Africa: 11,000 to 80,000
ˇ Paul Johnson: 80,000
ˇ Maureen Covell, Historical Dictionary of Madagascar (1995): 50,000 to
100,000
ˇ Encyclopedia Americana (2003), "Madagascar": 60,000 to 90,000
ˇ Dict.Wars: 11,000
ˇ B&J: 11,000 total, incl. 350 French
ˇ Hartman: 11,000
ˇ WHPSI: 10,000 deaths from domestic violence
ˇ Eckhardt: 3,000 civ. + 2,000 mil. = 5,000
ˇ S&S: 1,800 French KIA
ˇ ANALYSIS: It's difficult to uncover a consensus on this. Three sources
put
the toll in the upper tens of thousands. Four put it at 11,000 or so.
Three
give both without taking sides. (Eckhardt and S&S are incomplete and don't
count) Four outvotes three, so I'd go with 11,000.
3. Guinea (1958-84)
ˇ Sekou Toure Regime:
ˇ 5 Oct. 1982 AP: Acc2 Amnesty International, 78 political prisoners died
and 2,800 disappeared following their arrest in the 1970s.
ˇ 3 April 1984 AP: Still missing
ˇ 29 Dec. 1998 AP: total deaths in purges estimated at 6,000 to 35,000
ˇ 25 Feb. 1992 LA Times (AP): 50,000 killed
4. Cameroon (1950s, 1960s)
ˇ Insurrection:
ˇ Cambridge Encyclopedia of Africa: over 10,000
ˇ Africana.com (1955-62) [http://www.africana.com/Articles/tt_646.htm]
ˇ insurgents: 600
ˇ gov't officials & police: 1,500
ˇ civilians: 15,000
ˇ WHPSI: 10,000 (1963-67)
5. Congo-Brazzaville (1997-99)
ˇ Coup and civil war
ˇ 23 May 1999 Denver Rocky Mtn News: 10,000 (1997-99)
ˇ Agence France Presse (2 Dec. 1997): 4,000 to 10,000 (4 months)
ˇ Amnesty International
([http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aipub/1999/AFR/12200199.htm])
ˇ 2,000 killed in fighting between sup****ters of Kolelas and government,
11/93-12/93
ˇ 15,000 killed 6/97-10/97 by sup****ters of former President Lissouba
(citing 1998 government re****t)
ˇ 2,000 civilians killed Makélékélé and Bacongo districts 12/98-1/99
ˇ Ploughshares 2000: 7-11,000
7. Morocco (1916-17)
ˇ Civil War w/ French intervention
ˇ Eckhardt: 1,000 civ. + 1,000 mil. = 2,000
8. Franco-Syrian War (1920)
ˇ Eckhardt: 5,000
9. Tunisia (1961)
ˇ War with France:
ˇ WHPSI: 2,000
ˇ WPA3: 1,300 Tunisians; 21 French
ˇ Encarta: 1,300 Tunisians
ˇ B&J: 1,000
11. Morocco (1916-17)
ˇ Civil War w/ French intervention
ˇ Eckhardt: 1,000 civ. + 1,000 mil. = 2,000
12. Franco-Syrian War (1920)
ˇ Eckhardt: 5,000
13. Franco-Thai War (1940-41)
ˇ S&S:
ˇ France: 700
ˇ Thailand: 700
ˇ TOTAL: 1,400
ˇ Eckhardt: 2,000 civ. + 2,000 mil. = 4,000
14. Tunisia (1952-56)
ˇ Independence from France
ˇ Eckhardt: 3,000 civ. (1952-54)
ˇ B&J: 2,000 civ. (1952-56)
15. Morocco (1953-56)
ˇ Independence from France: 3,000 civ. (Eckhardt)
16. Tunisia (1961)
ˇ War with France:
ˇ WHPSI: 2,000
ˇ WPA3: 1,300 Tunisians; 21 French
ˇ Encarta: 1,300 Tunisians
B&J: 1,000
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