America's indoctrination (brain-wash) of its citizens started very
early in life by our schools/teachers and news media/journalists/
newspapers.
Examples:
1: When my son started pre-school at 4 years of age. He was taught
he's a Chinese. The others were taught they were Americans.
2: When Michelle Kwan won the National Ice-skating champion****p, the
headline was:
Americans beaten by Chinese.
When I was in school in the 1950s. I was taught:
Only Russia experimented with their citizens, we in America don't
experiment with our citizens.
Only to learn later that America not only experimented with our
citizens, we killed our citizens to protect our national secrets.
Examples:
3: http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2002/jul/tuskegee/
July 25, 2002 --Thirty years ago today, the Wa****ngton Evening Star
newspaper ran this headline on its front page: "Syphilis Patients Died
Untreated." With those words, one of America's most notorious medical
studies, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, became public.
"For 40 years, the U.S. Public Health Service has conducted a study in
which human guinea pigs, not given proper treatment, have died of
syphilis and its side effects," Associated Press re****ter Jean Heller
wrote on July 25, 1972. "The study was conducted to determine from
autopsies what the disease does to the human body."
The next morning, every major U.S. newspaper was running Heller's
story. For Morning Edition, NPR's Alex Chadwick re****ts on how the
Tuskegee experiment was discovered after 40 years of silence.
The Public Health Service, working with the Tuskegee Institute, began
the study in 1932. Nearly 400 poor black men with syphilis from Macon
County, Ala., were enrolled in the study. They were never told they
had syphilis, nor were they ever treated for it. According to the
Centers for Disease Control, the men were told they were being treated
for "bad blood," a local term used to describe several illnesses,
including syphilis, anemia and fatigue.
For participating in the study, the men were given free medical exams,
free meals and free burial insurance.
At the start of the study, there was no proven treatment for syphilis.
But even after penicillin became a standard cure for the disease in
1947, the medicine was withheld from the men. The Tuskegee scientists
wanted to continue to study how the disease spreads and kills. The
experiment lasted four decades, until public health workers leaked the
story to the media.
By then, dozens of the men had died, and many wives and children had
been infected. In 1973, the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) filed a class-action lawsuit. A $9 million
settlement was divided among the study's participants. Free health
care was given to the men who were still living, and to infected
wives, widows and children.
But it wasn't until 1997 that the government formally apologized for
the unethical study. President Clinton delivered the apology, saying
what the government had done was deeply, profoundly and morally wrong:
"To the survivors, to the wives and family members, the children and
the grandchildren, I say what you know: No power on Earth can give you
back the lives lost, the pain suffered, the years of internal torment
and anguish.
"What was done cannot be undone. But we can end the silence. We can
stop turning our heads away. We can look at you in the eye and finally
say, on behalf of the American people: what the United States
government did was shameful.
"And I am sorry."
4: http://www.rense.com/general15/ofmicrobesandmock.htm
Of Microbes and Mock Attacks -
51 Years Ago, The Military
Sprayed Germs on U.S. Cities
By Jim Carlton
Wall Street Journal
10-26-1
SAN FRANCISCO - Fifty-one years ago, Edward J. Nevin checked into a
San Francisco hospital, complaining of chills, fever and general
malaise. Three weeks later, the 75-year-old retired pipe fitter was
dead, the victim of what doctors said was an infection of the
bacterium Serratia marcescens. Decades later, Mr. Nevin's family
learned what they believe was the cause of the infection, linked at
the time to the hospitalizations of 10 other patients. In Senate
subcommittee hearings in 1977, the U.S. Army revealed that weeks
before Mr. Nevin sickened and died, the Army had staged a mock
biological attack on San Francisco, secretly spraying the city with
Serratia and other agents thought to be harmless. The goal: to see
what might happen in a real germ-warfare attack. The experiment, which
involved blasting a bacterial fog over the entire 49-square-mile city
from a Navy vessel offshore, was recorded with clinical nonchalance:
"It was noted that a successful BW [biological warfare] attack on this
area can be launched from the sea, and that effective dosages can be
produced over relatively large areas," the Army wrote in its 1951
classified re****t on the experiment. Now, with anthrax in the mail
and fear mounting of further biological attacks, researchers are again
looking back at the only other time this country faced the perils of
germ warfare - albeit self-inflicted. In fact, much of what the
Pentagon knows about the effects of bacterial attacks on cities came
from those secret tests conducted on San Francisco and other American
cities from the 1940s through the 1960s, experts say. "We learned a
lot about how vulnerable we are to biological attack from those
tests," says Leonard Cole, adjunct professor of political science at
Rutgers University in New Jersey and author of several books on
bioterrorism. "I'm sure that's one reason crop dusters were grounded
after Sept. 11: The military knows how easy it is to disperse
organisms that can affect people over huge areas." In other tests in
the 1950s, Army researchers dispersed Serratia on Panama City, Fla.,
and Key West, Fla., with no known illnesses resulting. They also
released fluorescent compounds over Minnesota and other Midwestern
states to see how far they would spread in the atmosphere. The
particles of zinc-cadmium-sulfide - now a known cancer-causing agent -
were detected more than 1,000 miles away in New York state, the Army
told the Senate hearings, though no illnesses were ever attributed to
them as a result. Another bacterium, Bacillus globigii, never shown
to be harmful to people, was released in San Francisco, while still
others were tested on unwitting residents in New York, Wa****ngton,
D.C., and along the Pennsylvania Turnpike, among other places,
according to Army re****ts released during the 1977 hearings. In New
York, military researchers in 1966 spread Bacillus subtilis variant
Niger, also believed to be harmless, in the subway system by dropping
lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto tracks in stations in midtown
Manhattan. The bacteria were carried for miles throughout the subway
system, leading Army officials to conclude in a January 1968 re****t:
"Similar covert attacks with a pathogenic [disease-causing] agent
during peak traffic periods could be expected to expose large numbers
of people to infection and subsequent illness or death." Army
officials also found widespread dispersal of bacteria in a May 1965
secret release of Bacillus globigii at Wa****ngton's National Air****t
and its Greyhound bus terminal, according to military re****ts released
a few years after the Senate hearings. More than 130 passengers who
had been exposed to the bacteria traveling to 39 cities in seven
states in the two weeks following the mock attack. The Army kept the
biological-warfare tests secret until word of them was leaked to the
press in the 1970s. Between 1949 and 1969, when President Nixon
ordered the Pentagon's biological weapons destroyed, open-air tests of
biological agents were conducted 239 times, according to the Army's
testimony in 1977 before the Senate's subcommittee on health. In 80 of
those experiments, the Army said it used live bacteria that its
researchers at the time thought were harmless, such as the Serratia
that was showered on San Francisco. In the others, it used inert
chemicals to simulate bacteria. Several medical experts have since
claimed that an untold number of people may have gotten sick as a
result of the germ tests. These researchers say even benign agents can
mutate into unpredictable pathogens once exposed to the elements.
"The possibility cannot be ruled out that peculiarities in wind
conditions or ventilation systems in buildings might concentrate
organisms, exposing people to high doses of bacteria," testified
Stephen Weitzman of the State University of New York, in the 1977
Senate hearings. For its part, the Army justified its experiments by
noting concerns during World War II that U.S. cities might come under
biological attack. To prepare a response, the Army said, it had to
test microbes on populated areas to learn how bacteria disperse.
"Release in and near cities, in real-world cir***stances, were
considered essential to the program, because the effect of a built-up
area on a biological agent cloud was unknown," Edward A. Miller, the
Army's secretary for research and development at the time, told the
subcommittee. But in at least one case - the bacterial fogging of
San Francisco - the research may have gone awry. Between Sept. 20 and
Sept. 27 of 1950, a Navy mine-laying vessel cruised the San Francisco
coast, spraying an aerosol cocktail of Serratia and Bacillus microbes
- all believed to be safe - over the famously foggy city from giant
hoses on deck, according to declassified Army re****ts. According to
lawyers who have reviewed the re****ts, researchers added fluorescent
particles of zinc-cadmium-sulfide to better measure the impact. Based
on results from monitoring equipment at 43 locations around the city,
the Army determined that San Francisco had received enough of a dose
for nearly all of the city's 800,000 residents to inhale at least
5,000 of the particles. Two weeks after the spraying, on Oct. 11,
1950, Mr. Nevin checked in to the Stanford Hospital in San Francisco
with fever and other symptoms. Ten other men and women checked in to
the same hospital - which has since been relocated to Stanford
University in Palo Alto, Calif. - with similar complaints. Doctors
noticed that all 11 had the same malady: a pneumonia caused by
exposure to bacteria believed to be Serratia marcescens. Mr. Nevin
died three weeks later. The others recovered. Doctors were so
surprised by the outbreak that they re****ted it in a medical journal,
oblivious at the time to the secret germ test. After the Army
disclosed the tests nearly three decades later, Mr. Nevin's surviving
family members filed suit against the federal government, alleging
negligence. "My grandfather wouldn't have died except for that, and it
left my grandmother to go broke trying to pay his medical bills," says
Mr. Nevin's grandson, Edward J. Nevin III, a San Francisco attorney
who filed the case in U.S. District Court here. Army officials noted
the pneumonia outbreak in their 1977 Senate testimony but said any
link to their experiments was totally coincidental. No other hospitals
re****ted similar outbreaks, the Army pointed out, and all 11 victims
had urinary-tract infections following medical procedures, suggesting
that the source of their infections lay inside the hospital. The
Nevin family appealed the suit all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court,
which declined to overturn lower court judgments upholding the
government's immunity from lawsuits. Today, the U.S. military is
again patrolling San Francisco's coastline, guarding against someone
who might try to copy the Army tests of half a century ago. Local
officials say such an attack is unlikely, given the logistical
problems of blasting the city without Navy ****ps. Partly as a result
of Mr. Nevin's death, says Lucien Canton, director of San Francisco's
emergency services, "one thing we now know is that it takes an awful
lot of stuff to produce casualties, especially in a place like San
Francisco that always has a stiff breeze." Copyright 2001 Wall
Street Journal
5: We killed our scientist because he knew too much.
http://www.serendipity.li/cia/olson2.htm
The Frank Olson Murder
Frank Olson was an American citizen, born in 1910 and murdered in New
York City in 1953 by the CIA. Here's an outline of the case:
Fort Detrick is the U.S. Army's biowarfare facility, founded in 1943.
Frank Olson was one of the first scientists to work there. From the
final years of World War II through the Korean War and up to the
present time scientists at Fort Detrick developed biological weapons
including anthrax.
Following the end of World War II the U.S. conducted "Operation
Paperclip", which scoured Germany for Nazi scientists who could be
useful. It found some who had conducted experiments on prisoners in
Dachau and other Nazi concentration camps, including one Kurt Blome.
He was among the defendants in the Nuremberg War Trials, and would
have been convicted and hanged but for American intervention. In
return for agreeing to provide information to the Americans about his
experiments in Dachau, and advice in the development of their own germ
warfare program, an acquittal was arranged, and he escaped the
gallows.
Frank Olson and Kurt Blome (who had become a proteg=E9 of the Americans)
later met at Camp King in Germany in the early 1950s when Olson made
several visits there to participate in "Operation Artichoke", in which
the U.S. Army and the CIA experimented with the use of drugs
(including LSD) in interrogation. Olson was present during brutal
interrogations by the Americans of Soviet prisoners and suspected
double agents, some of whom died under torture. Olson was deeply
disturbed by what he had seen.
In the summer of 1953 Olson travelled again to Europe. In Berlin in
August he witnessed several brutal interrogations involving torture
and the use of drugs. On his return to the U.S. he confided to a
friend and colleague at Fort Detrick, Norman Cournoyer, that he was
disgusted with what the CIA was doing and was determined to leave.
In November 1953 Olson attended a meeting of a group of CIA agents at
a country retreat where they discussed their work. Olson was suspected
by the CIA of being a security risk. He was given a drink laced with
LSD and when well under the influence of the drug he was subjected to
interrogation using Artichoke techniques, probably a very unpleasant
experience.
A week later Olson was staying in Room 1018A at the Hotel Statler in
New York City under the supervision of a CIA doctor, Richard
Lashbrook. The manager of the hotel, Armond Pastore, heard a thump
outside and went out to find Olson dying on the pavement, having
fallen from the 13th floor. The manager later found that a phone call
had been made from Room 1018A to a number in Long Island and the
caller had said only, "Olson's gone."
The CIA maintained that Olson had leapt through the closed window to
his death. However, an autopsy conducted forty years later on the
exhumed corpse revealed an injury to the skull most likely caused by a
blow to the head and no evidence of any cuts to the body from broken
glass. It seems that Olson, exactly as recommended in a CIA
assassination manual, was struck on the head (possibly while drugged)
and thrown from the window to his death thirteen floors below.
Olson was working at Fort Detrick during the Korean War and some have
speculated that the U.S. developed germ weapons which it used against
Korean and Chinese soldiers and civilians. If so then Olson would
probably have known about this. The CIA believed that there was the
risk that Olson would reveal what he knew about the activities of the
CIA during the Korean war and about its brutal experiments in
interrogation techniques, so he was murdered.
The fact that Frank Olson had died shortly after being given LSD in a
CIA experiment came out in 1975 as a consequence of President Ford's
Rockefeller Commission investigation into the CIA's domestic
activities. Further investigation was called for, but in a White House
memo advisers to President Ford stated that this would risk revealing
state secrets (probably meaning, in part, the use by the U.S. of germ
warfare in Korea); further investigation was suppressed and the whole
matter covered up. The names of those White House advisers were Dick
Cheney, current U.S. Vice-President, and Donald Rumsfeld, current
Secretary of Defense. They have never been questioned as to what they
knew about Olson's death.
A California history professor, Kathryn Olmstead, has discovered
do***ents at the Gerald Ford library which were written by Cheney and
Rumsfeld.
They show how far the White House went to conceal information about
Olson's death -- and his role in preparing anthrax and other biological
weapons. ...
Cheney and Rumsfeld were given the task of covering up the details of
Frank Olson's death. At the time, Rumsfeld was White House Chief of
Staff to President Gerald Ford. Dick Cheney was a senior White House
assistant.
The do***ents uncovered by Professor Olmstead include one that states
"Dr Olson's job was so sensitive that it is highly unlikely that we
would submit relevant evidence".
In another memo, Cheney acknowledges that "the Olson lawyers will seek
to explore all the cir***stances of Dr Olson's employment, as well as
those concerning his death. In any trial, it may become apparent that
we are concealing evidence for national security reasons and any
settlement or judgement reached thereafter could be perceived as money
paid to cover up the activities of the CIA".
Frank Olson's family received US$750,000 to settle their claims
against the US government.
-- US Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of Defence Donald
Rumsfeld Linked to "Murder of CIA Scientist"
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