Losing a Home, Then Losing All Out of Storage
John Gress for The New York Times
By DAVID STREITFELD
Published: May 11, 2008
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/11/business/11storage.html?hp
At an auction for the contents of a self-storage unit outside Chicago,
bidders are barred from entering. They bid on instinct.
ELK GROVE VILLAGE, Ill. — The foreclosure crisis is hitting yet
another American locale: the self-storage center.
Brook Snyder runs Blair Auction’s operation in Chicago.
As they lose their homes, people are turning to these humble
cinderblock and sheet-metal boxes to store their stuff. But some
people cannot keep up with their storage bills any better than they
could handle their mortgage payments, and storage companies are
auctioning off their property for a pittance.
A cottage industry has developed to profit from these lost and
abandoned items. The other day in this Chicago suburb, Stephanie
Donahou and her son Marcus had only a moment to decide whether to bid
on a unit in default. They could see a couch, a sewing machine, a fish
tank, a washer and dryer, lots of Christmas wrapping paper, a
television and other trappings of daily life.
“This is someone’s house,” Mrs. Donahou said. Her bid, for $160, was
the highest. Mr. Donahou was not impressed. “Ma, you bought a junker,”
he said, rooting through the material. They began to fill their
U-Haul. Good material they would auction on eBay; middling stuff would
go to yard sales.
The auctioneer, Blair Auction & Appraisal, has been conducting sales
at self-storage facilities in the Midwest for more than a decade. “If
a site used to have 10 auctions, these days it has 15 or 20,” said
Wayne Blair, the owner. At one site in Detroit, he auctioned off the
contents of 45 units.
Subprime mortgage loans had low “teaser” rates to lure borrowers. Many
storage facilities offer the first month for free.
“You tell yourself, ‘I’m only going to put my things in for a short
time,’ ” Mr. Blair said. “Before you know it, you’re behind. Then
you
have to pay penalties and interest. You owe $400 to $500. If you lost
your job, you can’t come up with that, not if you want to feed your
family.”
Nearly non-existent 35 years ago, self-storage has become ubiquitous,
with 51,000 facilities nationwide. Even as the larger economy falters,
the industry is flourishing. Executives say the mortgage crisis is one
reason.
Dean Jernigan, chief executive of the U-Store-It chain, says people
generally rely on storage when they are dealing with major milestones:
marriage or divorce, a relative’s death, a job transfer or, in boom
times, remodeling or building new homes.
Now he’s adding foreclosure to the list. “People are moving back down
the property ladder,” Mr. Jernigan said.
Bill Martin, a 50-year-old former manager in the technology industry,
lost his house in the Southern California community of Lake Forest
last August. His local self-storage company sent a truck and driver to
pick up his things, a service it offers all new customers.
“Storage has my hopes in it,” said Mr. Martin, who sleeps on a foldout
bed in his mother’s guest room. “I don’t tell anyone this, but at
least once a week I go over and look at my couch, my refrigerator, my
TV stand, my mattress and realize I did have a life, and maybe there’s
a way to go back to it.”
Investors agree that hard times for homeowners like Mr. Martin will
yield good times for storage firms. U-Store-It’s stock is up 33
percent this year. Extra Space is up 18 percent. Public Storage is up
18 percent.
“People might lose their home but they’re not going to lose their
things,” said Charles Ray Wilson of Self Storage Data Services, a
research firm.
Yet some evidence suggests that is exactly what is happening. It is
impossible to put precise numbers on the phenomenon, partly because
the industry is highly fragmented — the majority of facilities are
locally owned — and also because the topic is not one the industry
cares to dwell on. But auctioneers who dispose of units in default, as
well as the bidders who try to buy their contents, say they see
increasing signs of strain. They note that more auctions involve
people who appear to have had their homes foreclosed.
Fred Reger, an auctioneer in Washington and its suburbs, is seeing two
trends, which he calls “matching luggage” and “residential units.”
The first means that he often sees a bunch of over-stuffed plastic
bags when he opens a unit. “People used to put their belongings in
boxes,” Mr. Reger said. “But Hefties are a lot cheaper. These people
came in under stress, which explains why they defaulted a few months
later.”
A “residential unit” is one where the renter tries to illegally live
in the unit. “We used to see one or two residential units a month,”
Mr. Reger said. “Now I’m seeing 6 or 8 or 10. At one facility in D.C.
the other day, we had three residentials.”
Not every area is seeing an increase in auctions. Neal Grossman, who
runs auctions at storage facilities in Ohio, said a higher percentage
of storage customers are rescuing their possessions at the last
minute.
When renters default on their monthly payments, facilities replace the
lock with one of their own. That way, the renter cannot come around at
the last minute and empty out his unit.
Mr. Grossman cut locks on 87 units in March but, as many people paid
at the last minute, ended up auctioning only 21 of them in April. Both
numbers were down from a year ago, he said, suggesting “the worst is
behind us.”
In Chicago, on the other hand, the ranks of the dispossessed seem to
be swelling. Storage facilities in Illinois that intend to auction off
units in default must publish a legal notice alerting the owners. The
suburban Daily Herald ran notices for 62 auctions in the Chicago metro
area on a recent Monday, some of them involving more than 10 units.
Brook Snyder runs the Chicago operation for Blair Auction. A
good-humored 34-year-old with a penchant for bright shirts and
three-day stubble, Mr. Snyder has made a career of delivering bad
news: He has been an assistant to court officers doing evictions as
well as a process server delivering legal papers to people being sued.
“I try to treat everyone with respect,” Mr. Snyder said. “Anyone can
have hard times.”
On auction days he drives from site to site, trailing a caravan of
hopeful bidders. When everyone is assembled in front of a defaulted
unit, he takes off the lock. Forbidden to enter or touch, bidders make
offers based on a glimpse and well-honed instinct. The entire process
is over in a moment.
In three brisk days, Mr. Snyder held auctions at 23 U-Store-It
facilities. At the first site, in Gurnee north of the city, he raised
the door on an indoor unit, revealing what was essentially a one-room
apartment: bed raised high, recumbent bicycle in the corner, file
cabinet, vacuum cleaner and, for power, many extension cords. The
contents sold for $675.
The next warehouse, in Waukegan, brought a unit full of — depending on
how you look at it — cherished household possessions or somebody’s
trash. Most of the bidders took the latter view, disdaining an offer.
Tonya Boyd bought the bulging plastic bags for all of $6. “It looks
like someone had some troubles,” said Ms. Boyd, an employment
specialist. There were piles of clothes, brand-new women’s shoes, old
chairs, a dirty fan, kitchenware.
For some units, $6 is too much. “A dollar bill, first dollar bill
takes it,” Mr. Snyder implored in front of one unit. “Come on, this is
everything they own!” To no avail.
This is the eternal mystery of self-storage. If the material was worth
money, it was foolish to let it go to default. If it was not worth
much, why spend at least $50 a month to store it?
Mr. Jernigan, the U-Store-It executive, says budgets are stretched
tight. “People pay their cellphone, rent, credit card before they get
down to their storage unit,” he said.
Self-storage site managers describe an irrational tendency in some
clients. One said she had seen customers who lost their possessions at
auction come back and rent another unit. Mr. Snyder said he had
removed a lock from the same delinquent unit six times in one year.
Five times the renter had paid up at the last minute; the sixth time,
a few weeks ago, it was auctioned.
“His luck ran out,” Mr. Snyder said.
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