On Mar 2, 3:42=A0pm, o...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
> On Mar 1, 12:09=A0am, KLa...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
>
> > I read that Moravia was affected by the Mongol invasion of 1241-42.
> > Even though they were passing through from Poland on the way to
> > Hungary, they apparently still did damage. Does anyone know what were
> > the casualty figures (for lack of a better term) among the population,
> > and who were brought in to help replenish it?
>
> Svat=FD Host=FDn, Holy Host=FDn,http://www.hostyn.cz/cizi/english.htm
> is the most frequently visited pilgrimage shrine in Moravia and after
> Velehrad the most memorable one. For three centuries now thousands of
> pilgrims have been converging on Host=FDn mountain (735 meter above sea
> level) with its sanctuary of Our Lady (a Basilica minor) to seek and
> find there a refuge from their troubles and needs.
> Several archeological surveys of the location have shown traces of
> habitation from as far back as the Late Stone Age. The remnants of a
> fortification (with a cir***ference of more than 1.800 meters) of the
> La Tene culture of the Celts are conspicuous there. Recent research
> has vindicated the assumption that Host=FDn was the second Celtic
> oppidum in Moravia (the first being Star=E9 Hradisko near Protivanov).
> Above the main altar of the Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady is
> located a life size statue of the Virgin Mary. The Child Jesus, whom
> she is holding in her embrace, is aiming bolts of lightening at the
> Tatars depicted beneath the statue. These cruel marauders, who were
> threatening Europe during the 13th century, invaded Moravia in 1241,
> murdering and plundering. The people sought refuge in the forests and
> mountains to save their lives and whatever property they could bring
> with them. According to legend, those who found refuge on Host=FDn were
> saved through the intercession of the Virgin Mary, when the encampment
> of the marauders was destroyed by fire caused by lightning. Another
> legend tells of a visit to Host=FDn by the Apostles of the Slavs, Sts.
> Cyril and Methodius, who are said to have destroyed a pagan place of
> wor****p there and erected a chapel in honor of Mary.
> =A0Written records concerning Host=FDn come chiefly from the Jesuit
> Bohuslav Balb=EDn. In the book, Sacri pulveres, of 1669 by George
> Crugerius, we read that the people saved from the Tatar invasion
> erected a statue of the Guardian Virgin Mary on Host=FDn mountain out of
> gratitude. Until the Thirty Years' War there was a small church on
> Host=FDn mountain which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. On the orders
> of the non-Catholic rulers of the domain the church was destroyed.
> The present basilica has its origins in a magnificent edifice, which
> was built at the expense of Jan of Rottal and his heirs. Its
> cornerstone was laid in 1721. The completed edifice was solemnly
> consecrated by Bishop Ferdinand Julius Trojer of Olomouc on July 28,
> 1748. This church was destroyed several times and the entire mountain
> of Host=FDn was abandoned completely. By imperial decree of Joseph II in
> 1784 the sanctuary was declared superfluous and pilgrimages were
> prohibited. During the first half of the 19th century the faithful
> began a fund-raising campaign in order to restore the church, which,
> as a result, was consecrated anew in 1845.
>
> O.K.
Host=FDn
Z Wikipedie, otev=F8en=E9 encyklopedie
http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host%C3%BDn
=B7
Host=FDn nebo t=E9=9E Svat=FD Host=FDn (734,6 m) je hora na st=F8edn=ED
Mora=
v=EC a
nejv=FDznamn=ECj=9A=ED mari=E1nsk=E9 poutn=ED m=EDsto =C8esk=E9 republiky.
Host=FDn je jedn=EDm z hlavn=EDch vrchol=F9 Rusavsk=E9 hornatiny,
severoz=E1=
padn=ED
=E8=E1sti poho=F8=ED Host=FDnsk=E9 vrchy. V=FDrazn=EC vy=E8n=EDv=E1 z
jej=ED=
ho severn=EDho
okraje, 3 km jihov=FDchodn=EC od m=ECsta Byst=F8ice pod Host=FDnem.
P=EDskov=
cov=FD
vrch je p=F8ev=E1=9En=EC pokryt smrkov=FDm lesem, =E8=E1st z=E1padn=EDho
sva=
hu je
chr=E1n=ECna jako p=F8=EDrodn=ED pam=E1tka Str=E1=F2. M=E1 dva vrcholy.
Na ni=9E=9A=EDm z vrchol=F9, v nadmo=F8sk=E9 v=FD=9Ace 718 m, stoj=ED
barokn=
=ED poutn=ED
chr=E1m Nanebevzet=ED Panny Marie. P=F9vodn=ED stavba z let 1721=961748
byla=
obnovena po po=9E=E1ru roku 1769 a rekonstruov=E1na v letech 1841=961845.
V
roce 1887 zde byl dobudov=E1n jezuitsk=FD kl=E1=9Ater. I dnes je poutn=ED
m=
=EDsto
spravov=E1no jezuity, kte=F8=ED zde maj=ED z=F8=EDzen novici=E1t.
Pod vrcholem se nach=E1z=ED pramen, podle tradice z=E1zra=E8n=EC
uzdravuj=ED=
c=ED. U
n=ECj stoj=ED kaple z roku 1700.
Na vy=9A=9A=EDm vrcholu ve v=FD=9Ace 736 m je kamenn=E1 rozhledna, u
n=ED=9E=
byla v
90. letech z=F8=EDzena v=ECtrn=E1 elektr=E1rna.
Na spojnici mezi ob=ECma vrcholy se nach=E1z=ED h=F8bit=F9vek
jezuitsk=FDch
mnich=F9, pomn=EDk skaut=F9, kte=F8=ED zahynuli ve v=ECzen=ED za dob
totalit=
y a
pomn=EDk dlouholet=E9ho skautsk=E9ho v=F9dce a =F8editele hole=9Aovsk=E9ho
g=
ymn=E1zia
Rudolfa Plajnera. Ji=9En=EDm =FAbo=E8=ED dvojvr=9A=ED, od chr=E1mu ke
h=F8bi=
t=F9vku,
obep=EDn=E1 k=F8=ED=9Eov=E1 cesta od Du=9Aana Jurkovi=E8e.
Ka=9Edoro=E8n=EC se na Host=FDn=EC kon=E1 mj. Pou=9D poslucha=E8=F9 Radia
Pr=
oglas.
Podle archeologick=FDch n=E1lez=F9 se na Host=FDn=EC nach=E1zelo
rozlehl=E9=
keltsk=E9
oppidum Lat=E9nsk=E9 kultury, ale ojedin=ECl=E9 n=E1lezy sahaj=ED a=9E do
pa=
leolitu.
Pravd=ECpodobn=EC ji=9E v pozdn=EDm st=F8edov=ECku byla na vrcholu
postavena=
kaple
Panny Marie, z=F8ejm=EC od hav=ED=F8=F9, kter=E9 sem povolal pan Burian
=8Ea=
bka z
Limberka, v roce 1544, vydr=9Eela st=E1t do roku 1658. Existence pramene
nedaleko vrcholu a zejm=E9na poz=F9statky mohutn=FDch keltsk=FDch val=F9
pak=
nevyhnuteln=EC vedly ke vzniku =F8ady pov=ECst=ED.
Podle pov=ECsti, kter=E1 v=9Aak byla poprv=E9 zaps=E1na a=9E v roce 1665 v
d=
=EDle
jezuity Bohuslava Balb=EDna Diva Montis Sancti, se zde ve 13. stolet=ED
(1241) ukr=FDvali lid=E9 p=F8i velk=E9m n=E1jezdu Tatar=F9. Trp=ECli
v=9Aak
nedostatkem vody, proto se modlili k Matce Bo=9E=ED a na jej=ED
p=F8=EDmluvu=
zde
vytryskl pramen a mohutn=E1 bou=F8e donutila Tatary k =FAstupu. Tato
pov=ECs=
t
vznikla patrn=EC pod vlivem nov=E9ho tureck=E9ho ohro=9Een=ED Evropy, i
kdy=
=9E
mnoz=ED badatel=E9 nevylu=E8uj=ED ani antick=FD p=F9vod z=E1zra=E8n=E9ho
mot=
ivu
(z=E1zra=E8n=E1 z=E1chrana legie Marka Aurelia obkl=ED=E8en=E9 na kopci,
kte=
rou
popisuj=ED =F8=EDm=9At=ED historikov=E9 Cassius Dio a Paulus Orosius).
V roce 1567 je poprv=E9 zmi=F2ov=E1n Host=FDn jako poutn=ED m=EDsto,
tehdej=
=9A=ED
pout=EC v=9Aak je=9At=EC nemusely s legendou souviset.
Star=E1 ikonografie zobrazuje Pannu Marii Host=FDnskou jako Marii
Ochranitelku - v rozhrnut=E9m pl=E1=9Ati, pod n=EDm=9E se ukr=FDv=E1
mno=9Es=
tv=ED
v=EC=F8=EDc=EDch. Nejstar=9A=ED obraz nechal zni=E8it luter=E1nsk=FD
majitel=
panstv=ED
V=E1clav B=EDtovsk=FD z B=EDtova po=E8=E1tkem 17. stolet=ED. Roku 1655
necha=
la pan=ED
Marie, man=9Eelka hrab=ECte Jana z Rottalu, po=F8=EDdit nov=FD obraz pro
host=FDnskou kapli. Tentokr=E1t se jednalo o Pannu Marii v=EDt=ECznou
stoj=
=EDc=ED
na p=F9lm=ECs=EDci. Dnes je tento obraz um=EDst=ECn v kostele v
Byst=F8ici. =
Roku
1658 nech=E1v=E1 hrab=EC Jan roz=9A=ED=F8it st=E1vaj=EDc=ED kapli,
nech=E1v=
=E1 p=F8istav=ECt dv=EC
bo=E8n=ED kaple; jednou z nich byla kaple svat=E9ho Jilj=ED, dnes sv. Jana
Sarkandera. V r=E1mci mari=E1nsk=E9ho kultu, kter=FD v z=E1jmu
protireformac=
e
propagovali Rottalov=E9 i dal=9A=ED katolick=E9 rody, kter=E9 vlastnily
byst=F8ick=E9 panstv=ED v pob=EClohorsk=E9m obdob=ED, se host=FDnsk=E1
legen=
da
roz=9A=ED=F8ila do obecn=E9ho pov=ECdom=ED. Sou=E8asnou podobu j=ED dal
k=F8=
i=9Eovn=EDk Jan
Franti=9Aek Beckovsk=FD, kter=FD spojil n=ECkolik pov=ECst=ED.
Vnuk hrab=ECte Jana nech=E1v=E1 postavit na Host=FDn=EC velk=FD chr=E1m,
rok=
u 1721
je polo=9Een z=E1kladn=ED k=E1men. Stavba byla dokon=E8ena 1748, kdy ji
vysv=
=ECtil
28. =E8ervence kardin=E1l Julius Troyer. Pro pot=F8eby poutn=EDk=F9 byl
z=F8=
=EDzen
hostinec, d=E1le budova pro t=F8i kn=ECze kosteln=EDka a varhan=EDka.
Cel=FD=
komplex byl obehn=E1n zd=ED. 24. z=E1=F8=ED 1769 chr=E1m po z=E1sahu
bleskem=
vyho=F8el, byl v=9Aak b=EChem dvou let opraven. 1779 bylo v r=E1mci
josef=EDnsk=FDch reforem p=F8em=EDst=ECno s=EDdlo duchovn=ED spr=E1vy na
Rus=
avu a v
roce 1784 vyd=E1n z=E1kaz pout=ED. Chr=E1m byl vyklizen, v=E8etn=EC
rozebr=
=E1n=ED
st=F8echy.
Po=E8=E1tkem 19. stolet=ED host=FDnskou legendu znovu proslavil V=E1clav
Han=
ka;
host=FDnsk=FD z=E1zrak tvo=F8=ED v=FDznamnou =E8=E1st b=E1sn=EC Jaroslav v
H=
ankou
=84objeven=E9m=93 Rukopise kr=E1lov=E9dvorsk=E9m.
Tehdy tak=E9 za=E8aly pokusy o obnovu poutn=EDho chr=E1mu; povolen=ED
p=F8i=
=9Alo a=9E
v roce 1840. V letech 1841-1845 byl chr=E1m obnoven a 1883 zde bylo
postaveno nov=E9 obydl=ED pro =F8eholn=EDky. Roku 1895 byla zalo=9Eena
Matic=
e
svatohost=FDnsk=E1, kter=E1 zakoupila vrchol kopce, aby tak p=F8ede=9Ala
nevhodn=FDm z=E1sah=F9m do okol=ED kostela. Nechala t=E9=9E postavit
velkou
ubytovnu a hostinec. Roku 1898 byla na vrcholu Host=FDna postavena
kamenn=E1 rozhledna. Roku 1909 za=E8ala stavba kamenn=E9ho schodi=9At=EC,
kt=
er=E9
spojuje hlavn=ED chr=E1m s kapl=ED u z=E1zra=E8n=E9ho pramene.
Schodi=9At=EC=
m=E1 250
stup=F2=F9 a je dlouh=E9 242 m, cesty jej rozd=ECluj=ED na t=F8i
=E8=E1sti. =
Od roku
1903 byla vybudov=E1na k=F8=ED=9Eov=E1 cesta, autorem je architekt Du=9Aan
Jurkovi=E8. Jednotliv=E1 zastaven=ED jsou v Jurkovi=E8ov=EC obl=EDben=E9m
st=
ylu
vala=9Ask=E9 lidov=E9 architektury. 1932 byla zbudov=E1na nov=E1 silnice
na
vrchol, star=E1 tzv. C=EDsa=F8sk=E1 cesta, z=F9stala vyhrazena turist=F9m.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
K tomu dodavam: Hostyn je jen asi 15 km od meho rodneho mesta
Holesova, kde jsem zil az do roku 1952. Hostyn se svou kapli na vrchu
je z Holesova taky velmi dobre viditelny. Na Hostyne jsem byl
mnohokrat jak v lete - obvykle prochazkou pres les - na podzim pri
sbirani hub - a v zime lyzovat. Jednou - nekdy kolem roku 1948 - jsem
tam byl take pri pouti ktere se ucastnilo nekolik set ne-li tisicu
lidi. Ty legendy o tom jak svata panenka Marie na Hostyne zastavila
invazi Tataru jsme samozrejme v Holesove velice dobre znali. Krome
toho muj otec, ktery byl kamenosochar take delal nejake opravy soch a
pomniku na Hostyne. Vyse zmineneho Rudolfa Plajnera, ktery je na
Hostyne pohrben jsem velice dobre osobne znal. Po nejakou dobu on se
svou rodinou byli nasi sousede, t.j. bydleli v rodinem domku na
holesovske Tride Legii, hned vedle nas.Pozdeji jeden z jeho synu,
ktery se jmenoval take Oldrich vedl skautskou skupinu ve ktere jsem
byl jednim z clenu.Jeho otec byl tehdy celonarodnim vudcem skautu a
obvykle prisel na navstevu naseho skautskeho oddilu, kdyz jsme byli v
lete na skautskem tabore, neprilis daleko od Hostyna.
Konecne Rudolf Plajner byl take mym ucitelem - a musim dodat, ze byl
velmi dobrym ucitelem - fyziky a matematiky kdyz jsem studoval na
Holesovkem gymnasiu. V te dobe byl Plajner take po urcitou dobu
reditelem toho gymnasia.
Oldrich Kyn
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