CYBERHINWA wrote:
> Science of Speech
>
> From The Mahabharata
> Santi Parva, Section CCCXXI
> Translated by Sri Kisari Mohan Ganguli
>
> An extract from the dialogue between King Ja****a, the ruler of the
> Videha and a woman of the name of Sulabha, belonging to the mendicant
> order.
>
> Sulabha said: O king, speech ought always to be free from the nine
> verbal faults and the nine faults of judgment. It should also, while
> setting forth the meaning with perspicuity, be possessed of the
> eighteen well-known merits.
I disagree. I have found at least 12 verbal faults, and 23 faults of
judgement, and I have not completed my study of faults. I believe there
may be as many as 108 verbal faults and 108 faults of judgement, as well
as up to 33 crore merits.
> The words I shall utter will be
(1) fraught with sense,
(2)free from ambiguity (in consequence of each of them not being symbols
of many
things),
(3)logical,
(4)free from pleonasm or tautology,
(5)smooth,
(6)certain,
(7)free from bombast,
(8)agreeable or sweet,
(9)truthful,
(10)inconsistent with the aggregate of three, (viz., Righteousness,
Wealth, and Pleasure),
refined (i.e., free from Prakriti),
(11)not elliptical or imperfect,
(12)destitute of harshness or difficulty of comprehension,
(13)characterized by due order,
(14)not far fetched in respect of sense,
(15)corrected with one another as cause and effect and
(16)each having a specific object.
>
> [Note: These characteristics, though numbering sixteen, include the
> four and twenty mentioned by Bhojadeva in his Rhetoric called
> 'Saraswati-kanthabharana.]
I note that 14 is the same as 1, 6 and 12 should be part of 2, 5 and 15
would normally be part of 3, 7 must not be separate from 4, 8 may
sometimes be in conflict with 9, 11 and 13 should be a natural outcome
of 3, etc.
But do not be discouraged. Even though your 9 verbal faults appear to
have morphed into 16, by your count, there are many more to be
discovered. But you do need to account for them properly, and eliminate
redundancy in your counts, redundancy in your counts, redundancy in your
counts, redundancy in your counts, redundancy in your counts, redundancy
in your counts, redundancy in your counts, redundancy in your counts,
redundancy in your counts, redundancy in your counts, redundancy in your
counts, redundancy in your counts, redundancy in your counts, redundancy
in your counts,
|
